energy levels / macroscopic systems / metal / higher energy state / minimum energy / energy state / potential energy equal / energy level / kinetic energy / lowest energy state / potential energy / biological systems / designate different energy levels / energy hu / energy states / metal surface / threshold energy / maximum kinetic energy / molecular systems / energy / /
CHAPTER 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF SPECTROSCOPY INTRODUCTION Spectroscopy is a powerful tool for studying biological systems. It often